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Periodic Feasts - monthly and holy year feasts

~ scriptures are from the Hebraic Roots Bible, and HBR Bible Notes in italics

New Moon Feasts
A calendar feast which marked the beginning of each lunar month, celebrated with sacrifices and feasting. The official calendar of the covenant people was a lunar calendar and was designated by a religious or liturgical calendar which began in the spring with the month of Nisan or the civil calendar which began in the month of Tishri in the early fall. All religious feasts were commanded to be determined by the lunar calendar, even in Yahshua's time when it had been determined that the solar calendar was more accurate. In addition to the daily Tamid, sacrifices included a goat offered as a sacrifice for sin along with its accompanying wine libation. Also offered for each New Moon sacrifice were: 2 young bulls, 1 ram and 7 yearling lambs without blemish. A grain offering accompanied each sacrifice: for a bull three tenths of an ephah of fine flour mixed with oil; for each ram, two-tenths of fine flour mixed with iol; for each lamb one-tenth of fine flour mixed with oil. A libation of half a hin of wine accompanied the sacrifice fro a bull, one-third of a hin for a ram and one-quarter of a hin for a lamb.

Scriptures - New Moon/s
Num 10:10 And in the day of your gladness, and in your appointed times, and in your new moons, you shall blow the trumpets over your burnt offerings, and over the sacrifices of your peace offerings. And they shall be to you for a memorial before your Elohim. I am YAHWEH your Elohim.

1Sa 20:5 And David said to Jonathan, Behold, the new moon is tomorrow. And sitting I should certainly sit with the king to eat. And you shall send me away, and I shall be hidden in the field until the third evening.

1Sa 20:18 And Jonathan said to him, Tomorrow is the new moon, and you shall be expected, for your seat will be empty.

1Sa 20:24 And David was hidden in the field. And it was the new moon. And the king sat down by the food to eat.

1Sa 20:27 And it happened on the day after the new moon, David's place was empty. And Saul said to his son Jonathan, Why has the son of Jesse not come to the meal, either yesterday or today?

1Sa 20:34 And Jonathan rose up from the table in the heat of anger. And he did not eat food on the second day of the new moon, for he was grieved for David. For his father had put him to shame.

2Ki 4:23 And he said, Why are you going to him today; it is neither new moon nor Sabbath? And she said, Peace.

1Ch 23:31 And they were to offer all burnt sacrifices to YAHWEH in the Sabbath, in the new moons, and on the set feasts, by number, according to the order commanded to them, continually before the face of YAHWEH,

2Ch 2:4 behold, I am building a house to the name of YAHWEH my Elohim, to dedicate to Him, to burn incense of sweet spices before Him, and for the continual showbread, and for burnt offerings morning and evening, on the Sabbath, and on the new moons, and at the set feasts of YAHWEH our Elohim. This shall be upon Israel forever.

2Ch 8:13 even as the matter of every day required, offering according to the commandment of Moses, on the Sabbaths, and on the new moons, and on the appointed feasts three times in the year, in the Feast of Unleavened Bread, and in the Feast of Weeks, and in the Feast of Booths.

2Ch 31:3 And the king's portion from his substance was for burnt offerings, for burnt offerings of the morning and the evening; and the burnt offerings of the Sabbaths, and of the new moons, and of the appointed seasons, as it was written in the Torah of YAHWEH.

Ezr 3:5 And afterward the continual burnt offering, both of the new moons, and of all the set feasts of YAHWEH that were set apart, and of everyone who willingly offered a freewill offering to YAHWEH.

Neh 10:33 for the showbread, and for the continual food offering, and for the continual burnt offering, of the Sabbaths, of the new moons, for the set feasts, and for the holy things, and for the sin offerings to make atonement for Israel, and all the work of the house of our Elohim.

Psa 81:3 Blow the ram's horn in the new moon, on the covered moon, on our feast day.

Isa 1:13-14 Do not add to bringing vain sacrifice; its incense is an abomination to Me. The new moon and Sabbath, the going to meeting, I cannot endure the evil assembly. My soul hates your new moons and your appointed feasts. They are a burden to Me. I am disgusted of bearing them.

Isa 47:13 You are exhausted by your many plans; let those dividing the heavens stand up now and save you, the stargazers, making known what is coming on you into the new moons.

Isa 66:23 And it will be, from new moon to its new moon, and from Sabbath to its Sabbath, all flesh shall come to worship before Me, says YAHWEH.

Eze 45:17 And responsibility for burnt offerings shall be on the prince, and a food offering, and drink offerings, in the feasts and on the new moons and on the Sabbaths, in all the appointed feasts of the house of Israel†. He shall make the sin offering, and the food offering, and the burnt offering, and the peace offerings, to atone for the house of Israel.

Eze 46:1 So says Adonai YAHWEH: The gate of the inner court that faces the east shall be shut the six days of work. But on the Sabbath day it shall be opened, and in the day of the new moon it shall be opened.

Eze 46:3 And the people of the land shall worship at the door of that gate on the Sabbaths, and on the new moons, before YAHWEH.

Eze 46:6 And in the day of the new moon: a bull without blemish, a son of the herd, and six lambs, and a ram, they shall be without blemish,

Hos 2:11 I will also cause all her joy to cease, her feast days, her new moons, and her Sabbaths, and all her solemn feasts.

Hos 5:7 They have acted treacherously against YAHWEH, for they have brought forth strange sons. Now a new moon shall devour them with their portions.

Amo 8:5 saying, When will the new moon have passed, so that we may buy grain? Or the Sabbath, so that we may open the wheat, making smaller the ephah, and making greater the shekel, and to falsify the deceitful balances,

Col 2:16 Therefore do not let anyone† judge† among you about eating, or drinking, or in how you keep the feast days, or the new moon, or the Sabbath day,

Sabbath Year Feasts
Every 7th year was designated a Sabbath year of the Lord in which the land "rested." The obligations for the Sabbath year are found in Exodus 23:10-11; Leviticus 25:1-7 and Deuteronomy 15:1-12: the land must be "at rest" and cannot be sown nor can vines be pruned for a year. This holy year feast reminded the people that the land belonged to Yahweh. In addition to the rest for the land, all Israelites held as slaves were released from bondage in the 7th year and debts were forgiven; although there is some confusion as to whether this release from bondage was always in the Sabbath year or in the 7th year from when the Israelite was placed in bondage.

The Bible mandates a Sabbath rest for the land every seventh year, known as the Sabbatical year or Shmita. During this year, Israelites were to refrain from farming activities like planting, harvesting, and pruning. The land was to lie fallow, and any crops that grew naturally were to be available for everyone, including the poor and animals. This practice is detailed in the books of Exodus 23:10-11, Leviticus 25:1-7, and Deuteronomy 15:1-12.

Scriptures
Exo 23:10-11 And you shall sow your land six years, and you shall gather its produce. And the seventh year you shall let it rest and let it lie fallow, and the needy of your people shall eat. And what they leave, the animals of the field shall eat. So you shall do to your vineyard, to your oliveyard.

Lev 25:1-7 And YAHWEH spoke to Moses in Mount Sinai, saying,
Speak to the sons of Israel, and say to them, When you come into the land which I am giving to you, then the land shall keep a Sabbath to YAHWEH.
You shall sow your field six years, and you shall prune your vineyard six years, and shall gather its produce.
And in the seventh year shall be a Sabbath of rest to the land, a Sabbath toYAHWEH. You shall not sow your field, and you shall not prune your vineyard.
You shall not reap that which grows of itself of your harvest; and you shall not gather the grapes of your unkempt vine; it shall be a year of rest to the land.
And the Sabbath of the land shall be to you for food, to you, and to your male slave, and to your female slave, and to your hired one, and to your tenant, those living among you; and to your livestock, and to the animal in your land, all its produce shall be for food.

Deu 15:1-12 At the end of every seven years you shall make a release.
And this is the manner of the release: Everyone who has a loan to his neighbor shall release it; he shall not exact it of his neighbor and his brother, because a release has been proclaimed for YAHWEH.
You may exact it from a foreigner, but your hand shall release whatever is yours with your brother †, only that there shall be no one in need among you. For YAHWEH will greatly bless you in the land that YAHWEH your Elohim is giving you for an inheritance, to possess it, only if carefully you will listen to the voice of YAHWEH your Elohim, to take heed to do all this commandments, which I am commanding you today.
For YAHWEH your Elohim will bless you as He promised you. And you shall lend to many nations, but you shall not borrow. And you shall rule over many nations, but they shall not rule over you.
If there is a poor man among you, one of your brothers inside any of your gates in your land which YAHWEH your Elohim is giving to you, you shall not harden your heart, nor shut your hand from your needy brother.
But you shall open your hand wide to him, and surely you shall lend him enough for his need in that which he lacks.
Beware that there is no evil thought in your heart, saying, The seventh year, the year of release draws near; and your eye be evil against your needy brother, and you give him nothing, and he cry to YAHWEH against you and it be sin to you.
Surely, you shall give to him, and your heart shall not be grieved when you give to him, because YAHWEH your Elohim will bless you for this thing, in all your work, and in all that you put your hand to.
For the needy will never cease from the midst of the land. On account of this I command you, saying, Opening you shall open your hand to your poor and needy brother in your land.
If your brother, a Hebrew man, or a Hebrew woman, is sold to you and serves you six years, then in the seventh year you shall let him go free from you.

~ Deuteronomy 15:3 Israel was to have a very special relationship with each other as brothers. If followed, it ensured that there would not be needy or poor among them. Unfortunately, as a nation they never implemented these practices.

Jubilee Feasts
This feast provided a holy year of liberation in which the observances of the Sabbath year were enforced in addition to the return of the land to its original tribal owner. This holy feast allowed the Israelites to show the same mercy to each other that Yahweh had shown to them in the event of the Exodus: captives were liberated, debts were forgiven, and Yahweh's land was "at rest" to be given to the covenant people again the next year. This holy year observance assured that social justice as maintained among the covenant people. Yahshua declared a divine Jubilee in the first year of His ministry when He quoted from Isaiah 61:1-2. Only a king of Israel or a High Priest could proclaim a Jubilee year. Yahshua announced He was the Messianic Davidic heir when He proclaimed a divine Jubilee in Luke 4:16-22 [see Leviticus 25:9-52; 27:17-25; Numbers 36:2-4]. Both the 7 yearly Sabbath Year Feast and the Jubilee Feasts were dropped by the covenant people soon after taking possession of the Promised Land.

Greed and a lack of social conscience led to the failure to observe these feasts. It was for this reason that Yahweh commended a 70 year exile for Judah to atone for the 490 years of failure to keep the Sabbath Year Feasts. The people owed Yahweh 70 Sabbath years and so the land lay fallow for 70 years before the return from exile. There is no evidence that the Babylonians brought any other group of people into the Holy Land to occupy the land in those 70 years.

Scriptures
Lev 27:17-25 If he shall sanctify his field from the year of jubilee, it shall stand according to your valuation.
And if he shall sanctify his field after the jubilee, then the priest shall count to him the silver according to the years which are left, to the year of the jubilee. And it shall be deducted from your estimation.
And if he sanctifying the field really will redeem it, then he shall add a fifth of the silver of your evaluation to it, and it shall rise to become his.
And if he does not redeem the field, or if he has sold the field to another man, it is not to be redeemed any more.
And the field shall be holy to YAHWEH when it goes out in the jubilee, as a field which is devoted. It shall be a possession to the priest.
And if he should devote a field of his purchase, which is not of the fields of his possession, then the priest shall count to him the amount of your valuation to the year of jubilee. And he shall give your valuation in that day, a holy thing to YAHWEH.
In the year of jubilee the field shall return to him from whom he bought it, to him who owns it in the land.
And all your valuation shall be by the shekel of the sanctuary: twenty gerahs shall be the shekel.

Num 36:2-4 And they said: YAHWEH commanded my master to give the land for inheritance by lot to the sons of Israel. And my master was commanded by YAHWEH to give the inheritance of our brother Zelophehad to his daughters.
And if they shall be for wives to one of the sons of the other tribes of the sons of Israel, then their inheritance will be taken away from the inheritance of our fathers and will be added to the inheritance of the tribe to which they shall belong. So it shall be taken away from the lot of our inheritance.
And when the Jubilee of the sons of Israel shall come, then their inheritance shall be added to the inheritance of the tribe to which they shall belong. So their inheritance will be taken away from the inheritance of the tribe of our fathers.

Isa 61:1-2 The Spirit of Adonai YAHWEH is on Me, because YAHWEH has anointed Me to preach the good news to the meek. He has sent Me to heal the brokenhearted, to proclaim liberty to captives, and recovery of sight to the blind, and complete opening to the bound ones;
to proclaim the acceptable year of YAHWEH†, and the day of vengeance of our Elohim; to comfort all who mourn;

~ Isaiah 61:2 This is the Jubilee year when the kinsman redeemer will restore back to His own that which was lost (Lev 25:25-29). The very first time Yahshua read in the synagogue (Luk 4:16-20), He read verses 1 & 2, but stopped in the middle of verse two as verse 1 and part of 2 was about His first mission on earth and the rest of verse 2 and verse 3 is about judgment on the day of YHWH at His return.

Luk 4:16-22 And He came to Nazareth where He was brought up. And as was His custom, He went in on the day of the Sabbath, into the synagogue, and He stood up to read.
And the scroll of Isaiah the prophet was handed to Him. And unrolling the book, He found the place where it was written:
"The Spirit of YAHWEH is upon me and because of this, He has anointed me to declare the good news to the poor. And He has sent me to heal the brokenhearted and to preach release to the captives and sight to the blind. And to free those who are oppressed with forgiveness, to preach the acceptable year of YAHWEH."
And rolling up the scroll, returning it to the attendant, He sat down. And the eyes of all in the synagogue were fixed on Him.
And He began to say to them, Today this Scripture has been fulfilled in your ears.
And all bore witness to Him, and marveled at the gracious words coming out of His mouth. And they said, Is this not the son of Joseph?

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